State report · HMDA 2025

Wisconsin mortgages and home buyers, 2025

Incomes, down payments, rates, loan costs, denials and lenders across Wisconsin's 72 counties, from official HMDA records.

HMDA 2025 data released June 23, 2026

In 2025, lenders reported 52,304 home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family homes in Wisconsin. The median buyer borrowed $275,000 on a home valued at $335,000 and reported a household income of $104,000.

Buyers financed a median 88.5% of the home's value (roughly 11.5% down), paid a median 6.625% on 30-year fixed conventional loans and faced median conventional loan costs of $3,230.

Lenders denied 6.2% of completed home-purchase applications.

Purchase loans

52,304

658 lenders active

Buyer income

$104,000

U.S. $116,000

Down payment

11.5%

U.S. 10%

30-yr fixed rate

6.625%

U.S. 6.625%

Loan costs

$3,230

Conventional · U.S. $5,570

FHA limit 2026

$541K–$552K

1-unit home, by county

Key facts

Home buyers' median income ($104,000) is 10% lower than the U.S. median ($116,000).
Median conventional loan costs ($3,230) were 42% lower than the U.S. median ($5,570).
FHA loans made up 8.6% of purchase mortgages, versus 21.1% nationally.
The most common age bracket among borrowers was 25–34 (36.3% of purchase loans).
46.3% of purchase mortgages had a single borrower with no co-applicant.
The most-cited reason for denial was debt-to-income ratio (33.3% of denials with a stated reason).

The 2026 conforming limit is $832,750 for a one-unit home in every Wisconsin county. See every Wisconsin county's 2026 FHA and conforming loan limits.

Wisconsin counties compared

Click a column to sort. Medians shown with at least 30 loans.

County	Purchase loans	Median loan	Buyer income	Down payment	30-yr rate	Loan costs	Denial rate	FHA limit
Adams County	159	$215,000	$79,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,050	10.1%	$541,287
Ashland County	99	$175,000	$88,000	6.7%	6.750%	$3,300	16.3%	$541,287
Barron County	386	$225,000	$84,000	7.1%	6.625%	$3,380	9.0%	$541,287
Bayfield County	102	$245,000	$108,000	20.0%	6.490%	$3,530	13.5%	$541,287
Brown County	2,550	$285,000	$105,000	13.0%	6.500%	$3,230	5.0%	$541,287
Buffalo County	97	$195,000	$83,000	10.0%	6.500%	$3,570	7.5%	$541,287
Burnett County	118	$235,000	$95,000	9.0%	6.875%	$3,690	6.3%	$541,287
Calumet County	614	$285,000	$111,000	15.5%	6.500%	$3,300	2.8%	$541,287
Chippewa County	552	$255,000	$94,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,600	7.0%	$541,287
Clark County	254	$185,000	$81,000	5.0%	6.500%	$2,850	11.8%	$541,287
Columbia County	628	$285,000	$103,000	12.3%	6.625%	$3,190	4.6%	$541,287
Crawford County	100	$195,000	$90,000	20.0%	—	$2,850	9.5%	$541,287
Dane County	5,403	$365,000	$138,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,620	3.4%	$541,287
Dodge County	799	$255,000	$97,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,040	6.4%	$541,287
Door County	226	$315,000	$121,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,430	5.2%	$541,287
Douglas County	395	$215,000	$80,000	5.0%	6.500%	$4,620	3.9%	$541,287
Dunn County	312	$235,000	$96,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,550	7.0%	$541,287
Eau Claire County	911	$265,000	$99,000	14.0%	6.625%	$3,630	5.7%	$541,287
Florence County	25	—	—	—	—	—	—	$541,287
Fond du Lac County	998	$225,000	$87,000	10.0%	6.500%	$2,900	5.7%	$541,287
Forest County	59	$205,000	$89,000	—	—	$3,140	17.5%	$541,287
Grant County	348	$195,000	$88,000	10.0%	6.375%	$2,910	7.1%	$541,287
Green County	345	$255,000	$106,000	12.1%	6.625%	$3,070	5.1%	$541,287
Green Lake County	165	$235,000	$93,000	5.0%	6.625%	$3,170	7.6%	$541,287
Iowa County	227	$265,000	$106,000	12.3%	6.625%	$3,470	8.6%	$541,287
Iron County	40	$205,000	$108,000	20.0%	—	$3,490	9.1%	$541,287
Jackson County	149	$205,000	$91,000	10.0%	—	$2,000	7.9%	$541,287
Jefferson County	774	$285,000	$103,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,220	5.9%	$541,287
Juneau County	201	$215,000	$88,000	5.0%	6.750%	$3,320	10.2%	$541,287
Kenosha County	1,377	$275,000	$101,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,250	6.3%	$541,287
Kewaunee County	191	$255,000	$96,000	17.1%	6.500%	$3,270	7.0%	$541,287
La Crosse County	1,025	$265,000	$105,000	11.1%	6.625%	$3,100	4.0%	$541,287
Lafayette County	112	$195,000	$88,000	10.3%	6.500%	$2,780	4.1%	$541,287
Langlade County	173	$155,000	$70,000	5.0%	6.500%	$3,120	11.1%	$541,287
Lincoln County	222	$195,000	$90,000	8.6%	6.625%	$3,440	6.9%	$541,287
Manitowoc County	748	$215,000	$88,000	10.0%	6.500%	$2,960	7.9%	$541,287
Marathon County	1,165	$225,000	$91,000	10.0%	6.500%	$3,170	5.5%	$541,287
Marinette County	328	$185,000	$80,000	5.8%	6.500%	$3,280	7.4%	$541,287
Marquette County	122	$245,000	$82,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,290	10.8%	$541,287
Menominee County	8	—	—	—	—	—	—	$541,287
Milwaukee County	6,952	$255,000	$91,000	9.8%	6.625%	$3,010	8.7%	$541,287
Monroe County	377	$235,000	$95,000	5.0%	6.625%	$3,000	6.9%	$541,287
Oconto County	314	$255,000	$99,000	10.7%	6.500%	$3,410	5.8%	$541,287
Oneida County	257	$245,000	$90,000	14.5%	6.625%	$3,440	8.4%	$541,287
Outagamie County	2,137	$265,000	$101,000	14.0%	6.500%	$3,270	4.2%	$541,287
Ozaukee County	903	$375,000	$149,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,010	5.2%	$541,287
Pepin County	56	$245,000	$82,000	10.0%	6.875%	$4,140	7.6%	$541,287
Pierce County	374	$305,000	$112,000	10.1%	6.575%	$4,030	5.8%	$552,000
Polk County	472	$265,000	$95,000	7.4%	6.750%	$3,910	6.9%	$541,287
Portage County	463	$255,000	$96,000	10.0%	6.500%	$3,290	5.7%	$541,287
Price County	136	$175,000	$79,000	15.0%	6.750%	$2,990	13.0%	$541,287
Racine County	1,888	$265,000	$97,000	10.0%	6.625%	$2,930	6.9%	$541,287
Richland County	98	$205,000	$90,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,290	9.8%	$541,287
Rock County	1,751	$245,000	$91,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,270	5.9%	$541,287
Rusk County	105	$165,000	$68,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,270	11.3%	$541,287
St. Croix County	1,128	$335,000	$124,000	15.0%	6.625%	$4,120	4.7%	$552,000
Sauk County	568	$275,000	$101,000	12.5%	6.625%	$3,400	6.3%	$541,287
Sawyer County	121	$265,000	$92,000	10.0%	6.650%	$3,390	9.8%	$541,287
Shawano County	310	$215,000	$85,000	9.6%	6.500%	$3,160	5.3%	$541,287
Sheboygan County	944	$245,000	$95,000	10.0%	6.625%	$3,050	4.1%	$541,287
Taylor County	132	$195,000	$82,000	5.7%	6.750%	$3,220	8.8%	$541,287
Trempealeau County	219	$235,000	$93,000	9.6%	6.625%	$3,120	7.5%	$541,287
Vernon County	200	$245,000	$90,000	15.0%	6.625%	$3,020	5.1%	$541,287
Vilas County	147	$275,000	$104,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,440	8.9%	$541,287
Walworth County	873	$305,000	$115,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,560	6.9%	$541,287
Washburn County	110	$265,000	$91,000	9.4%	6.875%	$3,540	4.3%	$541,287
Washington County	1,468	$315,000	$113,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,010	6.1%	$541,287
Waukesha County	4,218	$395,000	$146,000	20.0%	6.625%	$3,070	4.5%	$541,287
Waupaca County	483	$215,000	$82,000	8.0%	6.500%	$3,110	5.9%	$541,287
Waushara County	179	$215,000	$85,000	6.9%	6.500%	$3,200	5.6%	$541,287
Winnebago County	1,728	$235,000	$94,000	10.0%	6.500%	$3,200	5.1%	$541,287
Wood County	626	$195,000	$80,000	5.0%	6.500%	$2,960	8.2%	$541,287

Who bought homes in Wisconsin

Home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family (1–4 unit) site-built homes, first liens, originated in 2025.

Purchase loans

52,304

of 57,470 applications

Buyer income

$104,000

Middle half $72,000–$152,000

Home value

$335,000

Middle half $245,000–$465,000

Loan amount

$275,000

Middle half $205,000–$375,000

Down payment

11.5%

42.8% put 20%+ down

Single borrower

46.3%

No co-applicant

Values are medians; "middle half" is the 25th to 75th percentile.

Loan type

Conventional 84.1% 43,973

FHA 8.6% 4,500

VA 6.6% 3,462

USDA 0.7% 369

What the homes were for

Primary residence 91.5% 53,843

Second home 4.5% 2,667

Investment property 4.0% 2,353

All first-lien, closed-end purchase mortgages, including second homes and investors.

Borrower age

Under 25 9.4%

25–34 36.3%

35–44 23.7%

45–54 13.6%

55–64 10.2%

65–74 5.3%

75 and over 1.5%

Debt-to-income ratio

Under 20% 4.3%

20–29% 17.0%

30–35% 18.2%

36–42% 27.0%

43–49% 27.8%

50–60% 5.1%

Over 60% 0.7%

Monthly debts (including the new payment) as a share of income, as used in underwriting.

What borrowing cost in Wisconsin

Medians for 2025 home-purchase loans. Total loan costs are section D of the Loan Estimate/Closing Disclosure (lender and third-party loan charges, excluding taxes, prepaids and escrow). FHA and VA costs include the upfront mortgage insurance premium or VA funding fee, so compare like with like.

Measure	Wisconsin	U.S.
30-year fixed rate · conventional	6.625%	6.625%
30-year fixed rate · FHA	6.625%	6.250%
30-year fixed rate · VA	6.250%	6.125%
15-year fixed rate · conventional	5.875%	5.875%
Rate spread vs. APOR · conventional	+0.12 pts	+0.13 pts
Total loan costs · conventional	$3,230	$5,570
Total loan costs · FHA	$8,800	$11,310
Total loan costs · VA	$4,710	$6,490
Origination charges (all loan types)	$1,200	$1,860
Borrowers paying discount points	33.3%	51.3%
Points paid, when paid (% of loan)	0.50%	0.87%
Borrowers receiving lender credits	37.4%	33.1%
Adjustable-rate mortgages	11.9%	7.4%
Jumbo loans (above conforming limit)	1.5%	3.8%

Medians are shown only when at least 30 loans report the field. Rates are those reported at closing; market rates changed during 2025, which the rate spread (APR minus the average prime offer rate on the lock date) adjusts for.

Approvals and denials

Wisconsin: 3,545 of 57,470 completed home-purchase applications were denied (6.2%).

Denial rate

Application	Wisconsin	U.S.
Home purchase	6.2%	8.5%
Conventional	5.2%	7.1%
FHA	13.5%	12.5%
VA	7.1%	8.0%
USDA	13.2%	12.5%
Refinance	12.8%	17.9%
Cash-out refinance	28.6%	33.6%

Main reason for purchase denials

Debt-to-income ratio 33.3%

Collateral (appraisal/property) 20.6%

Credit history 15.0%

Credit application incomplete 8.8%

Other 7.8%

Unverifiable information 5.6%

Insufficient cash (down payment/closing costs) 5.5%

Employment history 3.2%

Mortgage insurance denied 0.2%

First reason the lender reported.

Denial rate = denied ÷ (originated + approved but not accepted + denied). Withdrawn and incomplete applications are excluded. Differences between places reflect who applies, not only lender behavior.

Refinancing in Wisconsin

Refinances

14,766

Median loan $275,000

Refi rate

6.375%

30-yr fixed, conv.

Refi loan costs

$2,280

Conventional

Cash-out refis

11,721

Median loan $195,000

Cash-out rate

6.80%

30-yr fixed, conv.

Cash-out income

$88,000

Median borrower

Top mortgage lenders in Wisconsin

#	Lender	Loans	Share	Denial rate	30-yr rate*	Spread*	Costs*
1	Rocket Mortgage, LLC	4,001	5.1%	12.0%	6.750%	+0.30	$4,980
2	United Wholesale Mortgage (UWM)	2,869	3.6%	6.2%	6.625%	+0.19	$3,720
3	Summit Credit Union	2,778	3.5%	4.3%	6.625%	−0.04	$3,090
4	University of Wisconsin Credit Union	2,620	3.3%	2.4%	6.625%	−0.01	$3,230
5	Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation	2,553	3.2%	3.7%	6.750%	+0.26	$4,010
6	Associated Bank, N.A.	2,014	2.6%	8.5%	6.500%	−0.09	$2,480
7	Guild Mortgage Company	1,916	2.4%	3.6%	6.625%	+0.23	$3,910
8	Veterans United Home Loans	1,679	2.1%	8.9%	6.625%	+0.28	$4,230
9	Johnson Financial Group	1,637	2.1%	2.7%	6.550%	+0.17	$2,360
10	Landmark Credit Union	1,566	2.0%	6.7%	6.625%	+0.06	$2,220
11	Community First	1,487	1.9%	4.5%	6.250%	−0.26	$2,660
12	U.S. Bank, N.A.	1,412	1.8%	9.0%	6.500%	+0.04	$3,060
13	Covantage Credit Union	1,387	1.8%	5.1%	6.375%	−0.03	$3,180
14	Royal Credit Union	1,098	1.4%	1.3%	6.625%	+0.07	$3,350
15	Bank Five Nine	1,096	1.4%	2.6%	6.625%	+0.18	$3,600
16	Barrington Bank & Trust Company, N.A.	1,086	1.4%	4.7%	6.625%	+0.14	$3,230
17	Ixonia Bank	1,075	1.4%	3.4%	6.875%	+0.43	$3,780
18	Newrez LLC	1,048	1.3%	10.1%	6.625%	+0.12	$2,010
19	Educators Credit Union	1,044	1.3%	2.5%	6.500%	−0.11	$2,380
20	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.	1,040	1.3%	10.9%	6.490%	−0.04	$3,000
21	Rate	975	1.2%	3.1%	6.525%	+0.16	$3,970
22	FOX Communities Credit Union	907	1.1%	2.0%	6.125%	−0.11	$2,400
23	Pennymac Loan Services, LLC	904	1.1%	13.2%	6.875%	+0.27	$3,720
24	Freedom Mortgage Corporation	896	1.1%	17.4%	—	—	—
25	CrossCountry Mortgage, Inc.	860	1.1%	3.3%	6.875%	+0.44	$4,470

Largest lenders in Wisconsin by 2025 originations. Loans = home-purchase, refinance and cash-out originations (2025); share = share of those loans here; denial rate = home-purchase applications. *Medians for conventional home-purchase loans, shown with at least 20 loans; spread = APR minus the average prime offer rate at rate lock (percentage points); costs = total loan costs (section D).

Metro areas in Wisconsin

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI · 40,670 purchases
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI · 13,541 purchases
Madison, WI · 6,603 purchases
Green Bay, WI · 3,055 purchases
Appleton, WI · 2,751 purchases
Duluth, MN-WI · 2,472 purchases
Racine-Mount Pleasant, WI · 1,888 purchases
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI · 1,728 purchases
Janesville-Beloit, WI · 1,751 purchases
Kenosha, WI · 1,377 purchases
Eau Claire, WI · 1,463 purchases
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN · 1,401 purchases
Wausau, WI · 1,165 purchases
Sheboygan, WI · 944 purchases
Fond du Lac, WI · 998 purchases

Source: FFIEC/CFPB HMDA 2025 public LAR; FHFA and HUD 2026 loan limits. Methodology