State report · HMDA 2025
Kentucky mortgages and home buyers, 2025
Incomes, down payments, rates, loan costs, denials and lenders across Kentucky's 120 counties, from official HMDA records.
HMDA 2025 data released June 23, 2026
In 2025, lenders reported 39,162 home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family homes in Kentucky. The median buyer borrowed $245,000 on a home valued at $285,000 and reported a household income of $91,000.
Buyers financed a median 94.6% of the home's value (roughly 5.4% down), paid a median 6.625% on 30-year fixed conventional loans and faced median conventional loan costs of $4,000.
Lenders denied 8.2% of completed home-purchase applications.
Purchase loans
39,162
588 lenders active
Buyer income
$91,000
U.S. $116,000
Down payment
5.4%
U.S. 10%
30-yr fixed rate
6.625%
U.S. 6.625%
Loan costs
$4,000
Conventional · U.S. $5,570
FHA limit 2026
$541,287
1-unit home, all counties
Key facts
- Home buyers' median income ($91,000) is 22% lower than the U.S. median ($116,000).
- Median conventional loan costs ($4,000) were 28% lower than the U.S. median ($5,570).
- The most common age bracket among borrowers was 25–34 (34.1% of purchase loans).
- 55.0% of purchase mortgages had a single borrower with no co-applicant.
- The most-cited reason for denial was debt-to-income ratio (33.4% of denials with a stated reason).
The 2026 conforming limit is $832,750 for a one-unit home in every Kentucky county. See every Kentucky county's 2026 FHA and conforming loan limits.
Kentucky counties compared
Click a column to sort. Medians shown with at least 30 loans.
| County | Purchase loans | Median loan | Buyer income | Down payment | 30-yr rate | Loan costs | Denial rate | FHA limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adair County | 55 | $215,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 15.2% | $541,287 |
| Allen County | 192 | $225,000 | $77,000 | 3.6% | 6.625% | $3,800 | 8.7% | $541,287 |
| Anderson County | 243 | $245,000 | $93,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,060 | 9.7% | $541,287 |
| Ballard County | 47 | $165,000 | $84,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 17.2% | $541,287 |
| Barren County | 377 | $205,000 | $75,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,770 | 12.9% | $541,287 |
| Bath County | 60 | $195,000 | $83,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 18.2% | $541,287 |
| Bell County | 71 | $185,000 | $74,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 19.1% | $541,287 |
| Boone County | 1,730 | $295,000 | $109,000 | 10.0% | 6.625% | $4,040 | 6.6% | $541,287 |
| Bourbon County | 154 | $225,000 | $87,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,780 | 9.1% | $541,287 |
| Boyd County | 393 | $165,000 | $75,000 | 3.5% | 6.625% | $3,240 | 13.5% | $541,287 |
| Boyle County | 277 | $225,000 | $85,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,670 | 7.8% | $541,287 |
| Bracken County | 52 | $195,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 13.1% | $541,287 |
| Breathitt County | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Breckinridge County | 117 | $185,000 | $84,000 | 10.0% | — | $3,480 | 11.0% | $541,287 |
| Bullitt County | 1,119 | $265,000 | $92,000 | 5.2% | 6.625% | $3,920 | 6.5% | $541,287 |
| Butler County | 75 | $195,000 | $89,000 | 14.9% | — | $3,090 | 10.0% | $541,287 |
| Caldwell County | 77 | $145,000 | $73,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 7.2% | $541,287 |
| Calloway County | 246 | $215,000 | $90,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,460 | 7.1% | $541,287 |
| Campbell County | 1,153 | $255,000 | $100,000 | 10.0% | 6.625% | $4,250 | 4.3% | $541,287 |
| Carlisle County | 36 | $165,000 | $97,000 | — | — | — | 5.0% | $541,287 |
| Carroll County | 63 | $205,000 | $83,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 13.3% | $541,287 |
| Carter County | 143 | $175,000 | $80,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,940 | 12.6% | $541,287 |
| Casey County | 44 | $195,000 | $78,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 15.4% | $541,287 |
| Christian County | 533 | $225,000 | $77,000 | 0.0% | 6.500% | $4,990 | 8.4% | $541,287 |
| Clark County | 376 | $235,000 | $86,000 | 8.0% | 6.510% | $3,740 | 7.4% | $541,287 |
| Clay County | 44 | $165,000 | $71,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 15.5% | $541,287 |
| Clinton County | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Crittenden County | 53 | $145,000 | $73,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 8.1% | $541,287 |
| Cumberland County | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Daviess County | 980 | $215,000 | $84,000 | 10.0% | 6.500% | $3,580 | 6.1% | $541,287 |
| Edmonson County | 119 | $235,000 | $94,000 | 5.2% | 6.500% | $4,520 | 5.3% | $541,287 |
| Elliott County | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Estill County | 81 | $185,000 | $66,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 8.8% | $541,287 |
| Fayette County | 2,536 | $295,000 | $109,000 | 11.8% | 6.625% | $4,030 | 5.7% | $541,287 |
| Fleming County | 80 | $185,000 | $80,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 9.8% | $541,287 |
| Floyd County | 102 | $145,000 | $71,000 | 3.5% | — | $2,810 | 14.1% | $541,287 |
| Franklin County | 482 | $225,000 | $88,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,710 | 9.8% | $541,287 |
| Fulton County | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | 18.2% | $541,287 |
| Gallatin County | 48 | $225,000 | $83,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 7.5% | $541,287 |
| Garrard County | 193 | $245,000 | $85,000 | 10.0% | 6.750% | $4,020 | 2.0% | $541,287 |
| Grant County | 216 | $275,000 | $99,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,330 | 6.0% | $541,287 |
| Graves County | 298 | $175,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | 6.750% | $3,460 | 8.0% | $541,287 |
| Grayson County | 180 | $205,000 | $83,000 | 5.0% | — | $3,220 | 8.8% | $541,287 |
| Green County | 61 | $145,000 | $65,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 9.7% | $541,287 |
| Greenup County | 272 | $165,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | 6.750% | $3,120 | 12.0% | $541,287 |
| Hancock County | 72 | $195,000 | $85,000 | 5.3% | 6.750% | $4,100 | 8.8% | $541,287 |
| Hardin County | 1,190 | $275,000 | $100,000 | 3.5% | 6.624% | $3,730 | 8.1% | $541,287 |
| Harlan County | 77 | $125,000 | $75,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 19.8% | $541,287 |
| Harrison County | 125 | $245,000 | $90,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,180 | 8.5% | $541,287 |
| Hart County | 143 | $195,000 | $68,000 | 10.0% | — | $3,960 | 10.7% | $541,287 |
| Henderson County | 369 | $195,000 | $86,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,710 | 8.9% | $541,287 |
| Henry County | 142 | $265,000 | $86,000 | 4.9% | 6.750% | $4,130 | 9.8% | $541,287 |
| Hickman County | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Hopkins County | 333 | $185,000 | $83,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,880 | 11.6% | $541,287 |
| Jackson County | 48 | $185,000 | $84,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 14.3% | $541,287 |
| Jefferson County | 8,574 | $245,000 | $82,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,150 | 8.5% | $541,287 |
| Jessamine County | 567 | $295,000 | $110,000 | 15.0% | 6.625% | $4,080 | 6.1% | $541,287 |
| Johnson County | 109 | $175,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | — | $2,950 | 16.2% | $541,287 |
| Kenton County | 2,172 | $255,000 | $98,000 | 10.0% | 6.625% | $3,950 | 5.7% | $541,287 |
| Knott County | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | 30.0% | $541,287 |
| Knox County | 99 | $185,000 | $73,000 | 6.0% | — | $2,950 | 16.5% | $541,287 |
| Larue County | 141 | $235,000 | $90,000 | 8.6% | 6.625% | $3,290 | 7.1% | $541,287 |
| Laurel County | 344 | $225,000 | $87,000 | 4.7% | 6.625% | $3,300 | 10.3% | $541,287 |
| Lawrence County | 58 | $215,000 | $85,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 7.9% | $541,287 |
| Lee County | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Leslie County | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Letcher County | 42 | $125,000 | $81,000 | 5.6% | — | — | 20.0% | $541,287 |
| Lewis County | 59 | $135,000 | $68,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 13.3% | $541,287 |
| Lincoln County | 161 | $195,000 | $79,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,560 | 8.3% | $541,287 |
| Livingston County | 40 | $175,000 | $80,000 | — | — | — | 14.3% | $541,287 |
| Logan County | 272 | $215,000 | $76,000 | 3.5% | 6.625% | $4,060 | 9.9% | $541,287 |
| Lyon County | 43 | $225,000 | $107,000 | 10.0% | — | — | 6.3% | $541,287 |
| McCracken County | 610 | $215,000 | $93,000 | 4.4% | 6.625% | $3,790 | 8.5% | $541,287 |
| McCreary County | 85 | $145,000 | $67,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 13.7% | $541,287 |
| McLean County | 47 | $185,000 | $81,000 | 11.3% | — | — | 12.7% | $541,287 |
| Madison County | 1,038 | $265,000 | $97,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,080 | 5.0% | $541,287 |
| Magoffin County | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Marion County | 100 | $205,000 | $81,000 | 5.0% | — | $4,520 | 8.1% | $541,287 |
| Marshall County | 263 | $195,000 | $85,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,720 | 11.0% | $541,287 |
| Martin County | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Mason County | 124 | $195,000 | $78,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,800 | 8.0% | $541,287 |
| Meade County | 277 | $285,000 | $113,000 | 9.0% | 6.750% | $3,950 | 10.0% | $541,287 |
| Menifee County | 43 | $155,000 | $68,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 10.0% | $541,287 |
| Mercer County | 218 | $225,000 | $81,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,500 | 8.3% | $541,287 |
| Metcalfe County | 64 | $195,000 | $75,000 | 10.0% | — | — | 13.0% | $541,287 |
| Monroe County | 45 | $145,000 | $68,000 | — | — | — | 24.2% | $541,287 |
| Montgomery County | 222 | $225,000 | $88,000 | 5.0% | 6.500% | $3,570 | 11.0% | $541,287 |
| Morgan County | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Muhlenberg County | 191 | $165,000 | $74,000 | 3.5% | 6.625% | $3,450 | 12.1% | $541,287 |
| Nelson County | 551 | $245,000 | $88,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,710 | 4.6% | $541,287 |
| Nicholas County | 42 | $165,000 | $72,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 8.7% | $541,287 |
| Ohio County | 131 | $185,000 | $77,000 | 8.0% | 6.600% | $3,430 | 10.2% | $541,287 |
| Oldham County | 841 | $395,000 | $153,000 | 20.0% | 6.625% | $4,960 | 5.3% | $541,287 |
| Owen County | 92 | $195,000 | $79,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,150 | 10.7% | $541,287 |
| Owsley County | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Pendleton County | 109 | $245,000 | $86,000 | 5.4% | 6.750% | $4,720 | 9.8% | $541,287 |
| Perry County | 72 | $145,000 | $75,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 10.0% | $541,287 |
| Pike County | 175 | $185,000 | $96,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,020 | 14.8% | $541,287 |
| Powell County | 80 | $195,000 | $69,000 | 3.5% | — | $3,160 | 10.8% | $541,287 |
| Pulaski County | 401 | $215,000 | $80,000 | 3.6% | 6.625% | $3,740 | 10.6% | $541,287 |
| Robertson County | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Rockcastle County | 61 | $185,000 | $72,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 8.7% | $541,287 |
| Rowan County | 109 | $225,000 | $88,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,830 | 8.9% | $541,287 |
| Russell County | 79 | $205,000 | $93,000 | 7.5% | — | — | 11.2% | $541,287 |
| Scott County | 853 | $295,000 | $112,000 | 10.0% | 6.624% | $4,230 | 4.3% | $541,287 |
| Shelby County | 551 | $295,000 | $104,000 | 10.0% | 6.500% | $4,290 | 9.4% | $541,287 |
| Simpson County | 271 | $235,000 | $80,000 | 5.0% | 6.750% | $4,400 | 12.5% | $541,287 |
| Spencer County | 223 | $325,000 | $113,000 | 15.4% | 6.625% | $4,560 | 5.7% | $541,287 |
| Taylor County | 137 | $205,000 | $82,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $3,360 | 11.9% | $541,287 |
| Todd County | 75 | $235,000 | $79,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 4.9% | $541,287 |
| Trigg County | 134 | $235,000 | $88,000 | 3.5% | 6.625% | $4,740 | 10.4% | $541,287 |
| Trimble County | 60 | $205,000 | $90,000 | 5.0% | — | — | 6.0% | $541,287 |
| Union County | 59 | $155,000 | $77,000 | 3.5% | — | — | 7.8% | $541,287 |
| Warren County | 1,269 | $265,000 | $94,000 | 9.7% | 6.625% | $4,210 | 7.0% | $541,287 |
| Washington County | 79 | $215,000 | $86,000 | 5.0% | 6.625% | $4,080 | 8.0% | $541,287 |
| Wayne County | 66 | $185,000 | $77,000 | 6.1% | — | — | 15.0% | $541,287 |
| Webster County | 54 | $165,000 | $76,000 | 8.4% | — | — | 19.1% | $541,287 |
| Whitley County | 173 | $205,000 | $79,000 | 8.4% | — | $2,970 | 8.7% | $541,287 |
| Wolfe County | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $541,287 |
| Woodford County | 230 | $295,000 | $116,000 | 20.0% | 6.625% | $3,830 | 7.1% | $541,287 |
Who bought homes in Kentucky
Home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family (1–4 unit) site-built homes, first liens, originated in 2025.
Purchase loans
39,162
of 43,648 applications
Buyer income
$91,000
Middle half $64,000–$135,000
Home value
$285,000
Middle half $215,000–$395,000
Loan amount
$245,000
Middle half $185,000–$335,000
Down payment
5.4%
33.5% put 20%+ down
Single borrower
55.0%
No co-applicant
Values are medians; "middle half" is the 25th to 75th percentile.
Loan type
What the homes were for
All first-lien, closed-end purchase mortgages, including second homes and investors.
Borrower age
Debt-to-income ratio
Monthly debts (including the new payment) as a share of income, as used in underwriting.
What borrowing cost in Kentucky
Medians for 2025 home-purchase loans. Total loan costs are section D of the Loan Estimate/Closing Disclosure (lender and third-party loan charges, excluding taxes, prepaids and escrow). FHA and VA costs include the upfront mortgage insurance premium or VA funding fee, so compare like with like.
| Measure | Kentucky | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| 30-year fixed rate · conventional | 6.625% | 6.625% |
| 30-year fixed rate · FHA | 6.375% | 6.250% |
| 30-year fixed rate · VA | 6.250% | 6.125% |
| 15-year fixed rate · conventional | 5.875% | 5.875% |
| Rate spread vs. APOR · conventional | +0.21 pts | +0.13 pts |
| Total loan costs · conventional | $4,000 | $5,570 |
| Total loan costs · FHA | $9,020 | $11,310 |
| Total loan costs · VA | $5,130 | $6,490 |
| Origination charges (all loan types) | $1,530 | $1,860 |
| Borrowers paying discount points | 46.6% | 51.3% |
| Points paid, when paid (% of loan) | 0.62% | 0.87% |
| Borrowers receiving lender credits | 35.4% | 33.1% |
| Adjustable-rate mortgages | 7.9% | 7.4% |
| Jumbo loans (above conforming limit) | 1.1% | 3.8% |
Medians are shown only when at least 30 loans report the field. Rates are those reported at closing; market rates changed during 2025, which the rate spread (APR minus the average prime offer rate on the lock date) adjusts for.
Approvals and denials
Kentucky: 3,582 of 43,648 completed home-purchase applications were denied (8.2%).
Denial rate
| Application | Kentucky | U.S. |
|---|---|---|
| Home purchase | 8.2% | 8.5% |
| Conventional | 6.9% | 7.1% |
| FHA | 11.0% | 12.5% |
| VA | 7.9% | 8.0% |
| USDA | 13.1% | 12.5% |
| Refinance | 16.0% | 17.9% |
| Cash-out refinance | 33.6% | 33.6% |
Main reason for purchase denials
First reason the lender reported.
Denial rate = denied ÷ (originated + approved but not accepted + denied). Withdrawn and incomplete applications are excluded. Differences between places reflect who applies, not only lender behavior.
Refinancing in Kentucky
Refinances
9,365
Median loan $255,000
Refi rate
6.375%
30-yr fixed, conv.
Refi loan costs
$3,370
Conventional
Cash-out refis
7,721
Median loan $185,000
Cash-out rate
6.975%
30-yr fixed, conv.
Cash-out income
$78,000
Median borrower
Top mortgage lenders in Kentucky
| # | Lender | Loans | Share | Denial rate | 30-yr rate* | Spread* | Costs* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United Wholesale Mortgage (UWM) | 4,534 | 8.1% | 6.8% | 6.625% | +0.36 | $4,400 |
| 2 | Rocket Mortgage, LLC | 4,230 | 7.5% | 12.4% | 6.625% | +0.27 | $4,400 |
| 3 | Stockton Mortgage Corporation | 2,027 | 3.6% | 4.9% | 6.625% | +0.32 | $5,000 |
| 4 | Veterans United Home Loans | 1,652 | 2.9% | 8.8% | 6.750% | +0.27 | $2,110 |
| 5 | U.S. Bank, N.A. | 1,332 | 2.4% | 8.4% | 6.750% | +0.31 | $3,780 |
| 6 | Freedom Mortgage Corporation | 1,228 | 2.2% | 15.9% | — | — | — |
| 7 | Liberty | 1,108 | 2.0% | 4.2% | 6.625% | +0.15 | $3,530 |
| 8 | Guardian Savings Bank | 1,045 | 1.9% | 7.0% | 6.625% | +0.19 | $1,610 |
| 9 | Ark-La-Tex Financial Services, LLC. | 1,028 | 1.8% | 1.7% | 6.750% | +0.29 | $3,890 |
| 10 | Union Home Mortgage Corp. | 921 | 1.6% | 8.3% | 6.625% | +0.27 | $4,420 |
| 11 | Pennymac Loan Services, LLC | 793 | 1.4% | 17.5% | 6.750% | +0.26 | $4,760 |
| 12 | New American Funding | 761 | 1.4% | 6.3% | 6.875% | +0.53 | $5,560 |
| 13 | Community Trust Bank, Inc. | 759 | 1.4% | 12.5% | 6.750% | +0.11 | $2,720 |
| 14 | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. | 756 | 1.3% | 8.9% | 6.490% | −0.01 | $3,230 |
| 15 | Fifth Third Bank, N.A. | 738 | 1.3% | 10.2% | 6.500% | +0.09 | $3,950 |
| 16 | Victory Mortgage, L.L.C. | 737 | 1.3% | 3.1% | 6.125% | −0.31 | $2,950 |
| 17 | CrossCountry Mortgage, Inc. | 732 | 1.3% | 2.4% | 6.950% | +0.48 | $4,610 |
| 18 | Stock Yards Bank & Trust Company | 729 | 1.3% | 8.9% | 6.750% | +0.18 | $3,540 |
| 19 | Northpointe Bank | 729 | 1.3% | 9.6% | 6.875% | +0.41 | $5,670 |
| 20 | Magnolia Bank, Incorporated | 665 | 1.2% | 6.7% | 6.625% | +0.24 | $3,920 |
| 21 | Abound Federal Credit Union | 632 | 1.1% | 8.4% | 6.125% | −0.13 | $3,020 |
| 22 | Republic Bank & Trust Company | 564 | 1.0% | 4.8% | 6.500% | +0.07 | $3,750 |
| 23 | First Financial Bank | 524 | 0.9% | 5.3% | 6.500% | +0.30 | $5,490 |
| 24 | T2 Financial LLC | 523 | 0.9% | 4.3% | 6.625% | +0.20 | $5,120 |
| 25 | L & N Federal Credit Union | 518 | 0.9% | 3.1% | — | +0.20 | $2,580 |
Largest lenders in Kentucky by 2025 originations. Loans = home-purchase, refinance and cash-out originations (2025); share = share of those loans here; denial rate = home-purchase applications. *Medians for conventional home-purchase loans, shown with at least 20 loans; spread = APR minus the average prime offer rate at rate lock (percentage points); costs = total loan costs (section D).
Metro areas in Kentucky
- Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN · 24,068 purchases
- Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN · 15,756 purchases
- Clarksville, TN-KY · 4,754 purchases
- Lexington-Fayette, KY · 4,716 purchases
- Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH · 2,591 purchases
- Bowling Green, KY · 1,655 purchases
- Elizabethtown, KY · 1,331 purchases
- Owensboro, KY · 1,027 purchases
- Paducah, KY-IL · 823 purchases
Source: FFIEC/CFPB HMDA 2025 public LAR; FHFA and HUD 2026 loan limits. Methodology