Mortgage by CountyWhat home buyers actually paid, county by county

Independent analysis of official mortgage recordsHMDA 2025 · 7,155,718 applications

State report · HMDA 2025

Virginia mortgages and home buyers, 2025

Incomes, down payments, rates, loan costs, denials and lenders across Virginia's 133 counties, from official HMDA records.

HMDA 2025 data released June 23, 2026

In 2025, lenders reported 86,602 home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family homes in Virginia. The median buyer borrowed $385,000 on a home valued at $445,000 and reported a household income of $126,000.

Buyers financed a median 90% of the home's value (roughly 10% down), paid a median 6.625% on 30-year fixed conventional loans and faced median conventional loan costs of $5,610.

Lenders denied 6.9% of completed home-purchase applications.

Purchase loans
86,602
712 lenders active
Buyer income
$126,000
U.S. $116,000
Down payment
10%
U.S. 10%
30-yr fixed rate
6.625%
U.S. 6.625%
Loan costs
$5,610
Conventional · U.S. $5,570
FHA limit 2026
$541K–$1.25M
1-unit home, by county

Key facts

  • VA loans were unusually common: 23.0% of purchase mortgages.
  • The most common age bracket among borrowers was 25–34 (32.4% of purchase loans).
  • 53.5% of purchase mortgages had a single borrower with no co-applicant.
  • The most-cited reason for denial was debt-to-income ratio (38.2% of denials with a stated reason).

Conforming limits in Virginia range from $832,750 to $1,249,125 for a one-unit home in 2026. See every Virginia county's 2026 FHA and conforming loan limits.

Virginia counties compared

Click a column to sort. Medians shown with at least 30 loans.

CountyPurchase loansMedian loanBuyer incomeDown payment30-yr rateLoan costsDenial rateFHA limit
Accomack County212$265,000$90,0005.0%6.625%$4,87010.3%$541,287
Albemarle County1,080$425,000$157,00020.0%6.625%$5,5704.7%$598,000
Alleghany County99$185,000$70,0005.0%6.750%$3,6906.0%$541,287
Amelia County134$345,000$117,0005.0%6.625%$4,8304.2%$707,250
Amherst County268$245,000$87,0005.0%6.625%$5,3407.1%$541,287
Appomattox County158$285,000$91,0003.6%6.750%$4,5406.9%$541,287
Arlington County1,705$615,000$218,00020.0%6.500%$6,4205.1%$1,249,125
Augusta County719$315,000$100,00010.0%6.625%$4,3904.3%$541,287
Bath County27—————6.5%$541,287
Bedford County804$335,000$116,00012.0%6.625%$4,9505.0%$541,287
Bland County22——————$541,287
Botetourt County360$315,000$114,00020.0%6.624%$4,7805.1%$541,287
Brunswick County56$275,000$104,0005.0%——14.7%$541,287
Buchanan County40$135,000$65,0004.0%——18.2%$541,287
Buckingham County97$275,000$87,0005.0%6.625%$4,8507.3%$541,287
Campbell County540$275,000$91,0005.0%6.625%$4,8107.2%$541,287
Caroline County569$345,000$101,0003.5%6.625%$5,46010.1%$541,287
Carroll County179$215,000$88,0005.0%6.875%$4,69011.3%$541,287
Charles City County56$285,000$93,0005.0%——4.9%$707,250
Charlotte County47$235,000$91,00010.0%——11.1%$541,287
Chesterfield County4,929$375,000$125,00010.0%6.625%$5,3007.4%$707,250
Clarke County127$485,000$155,00010.0%6.625%$5,9502.2%$1,249,125
Craig County38$285,000$98,0005.0%——7.1%$541,287
Culpeper County685$445,000$131,0006.0%6.500%$6,0608.6%$1,249,125
Cumberland County110$305,000$97,0005.0%6.625%$5,5807.5%$541,287
Dickenson County31$135,000$61,000———27.9%$541,287
Dinwiddie County260$295,000$90,0003.5%6.500%$5,4907.9%$707,250
Essex County103$275,000$88,0005.0%6.750%$4,9705.5%$541,287
Fairfax County9,739$615,000$192,00020.0%6.500%$6,1705.5%$1,249,125
Fauquier County820$535,000$161,00012.1%6.500%$5,7006.5%$1,249,125
Floyd County99$275,000$105,00015.5%6.625%$4,2503.7%$541,287
Fluvanna County365$315,000$102,0005.0%6.625%$5,3905.9%$598,000
Franklin County436$305,000$103,00010.0%6.750%$4,7906.6%$541,287
Frederick County1,360$385,000$120,0008.0%6.625%$5,2306.9%$541,287
Giles County124$195,000$74,0005.0%6.875%$4,33010.0%$541,287
Gloucester County409$335,000$102,0005.0%6.625%$5,6805.8%$757,850
Goochland County392$455,000$165,00020.0%6.625%$5,5104.1%$707,250
Grayson County83$205,000$76,0005.4%—$4,2006.5%$541,287
Greene County261$375,000$113,0009.4%6.625%$5,5708.3%$598,000
Greensville County37$205,000$68,0003.5%——9.5%$541,287
Halifax County193$205,000$85,0006.8%6.875%$4,1209.1%$541,287
Hanover County1,207$395,000$138,00015.0%6.625%$5,2804.7%$707,250
Henrico County3,545$345,000$114,00010.0%6.625%$5,1807.8%$707,250
Henry County281$185,000$64,0003.5%6.625%$4,6107.6%$541,287
Highland County11——————$541,287
Isle of Wight County597$375,000$125,0005.0%6.625%$6,0109.2%$757,850
James City County990$395,000$137,00016.0%6.625%$5,5204.3%$757,850
King and Queen County66$305,000$94,0003.5%—$5,33010.8%$707,250
King George County323$465,000$140,0005.0%6.624%$6,3003.8%$541,287
King William County321$335,000$103,0005.0%6.624%$5,0707.9%$707,250
Lancaster County136$285,000$103,00015.0%6.500%$5,02010.3%$541,287
Lee County91$165,000$72,0004.5%6.750%$3,87014.3%$541,287
Loudoun County5,033$625,000$195,00020.0%6.500%$6,3806.0%$1,249,125
Louisa County580$365,000$118,00010.0%6.625%$5,4805.7%$541,287
Lunenburg County66$195,000$85,0003.5%——6.7%$541,287
Madison County118$375,000$107,0005.0%6.750%$5,5006.9%$541,287
Mathews County87$305,000$98,00010.0%6.812%$4,6405.1%$757,850
Mecklenburg County183$275,000$104,0005.9%6.750%$4,3109.2%$541,287
Middlesex County113$305,000$105,00010.0%6.625%$4,9805.0%$541,287
Montgomery County657$335,000$125,00015.0%6.625%$4,8404.9%$541,287
Nelson County90$325,000$128,00017.4%6.625%$5,3605.3%$598,000
New Kent County552$385,000$125,00010.0%6.500%$4,9106.5%$707,250
Northampton County90$335,000$126,00020.0%6.875%$5,7309.5%$541,287
Northumberland County111$315,000$100,00010.0%6.500%$5,7508.6%$541,287
Nottoway County114$255,000$75,0003.5%6.750%$5,28012.6%$541,287
Orange County666$355,000$110,0003.8%6.500%$5,1508.6%$541,287
Page County211$265,000$91,0005.0%6.625%$4,9109.2%$541,287
Patrick County92$205,000$71,0006.6%6.500%$4,47012.2%$541,287
Pittsylvania County289$225,000$80,0005.0%6.625%$4,75010.4%$541,287
Powhatan County351$415,000$140,00020.0%6.625%$5,3305.0%$707,250
Prince Edward County130$255,000$90,00010.0%6.625%$4,7608.3%$541,287
Prince George County307$345,000$108,0003.5%6.750%$6,11011.7%$707,250
Prince William County4,670$505,000$149,0008.8%6.500%$6,0208.3%$1,249,125
Pulaski County300$205,000$78,0003.5%6.625%$4,3707.4%$541,287
Rappahannock County52$505,000$188,0008.0%—$7,3605.3%$1,249,125
Richmond County50$255,000$87,0005.0%—$4,9403.9%$541,287
Roanoke County1,076$295,000$108,00010.0%6.625%$4,7905.3%$541,287
Rockbridge County178$285,000$90,00015.0%6.500%$4,3905.1%$541,287
Rockingham County739$305,000$97,00010.0%6.625%$4,85010.8%$541,287
Russell County112$195,000$83,0003.5%7.125%$4,52012.0%$541,287
Scott County94$205,000$78,0005.0%6.875%$4,4909.3%$541,287
Shenandoah County477$305,000$94,0005.0%6.750%$5,1507.1%$541,287
Smyth County169$175,000$65,0003.6%6.750%$4,06015.5%$541,287
Southampton County149$285,000$94,0003.5%6.625%$5,5805.5%$541,287
Spotsylvania County1,978$435,000$129,0005.0%6.500%$6,21011.0%$1,249,125
Stafford County1,928$515,000$148,0005.0%6.500%$5,8908.5%$1,249,125
Surry County60$345,000$113,0003.0%——14.3%$757,850
Sussex County58$245,000$76,0003.1%——11.3%$707,250
Tazewell County221$155,000$68,0003.5%6.625%$4,1309.6%$541,287
Warren County493$365,000$115,0005.0%6.625%$5,1905.6%$1,249,125
Washington County362$245,000$99,0008.0%6.750%$4,61010.2%$541,287
Westmoreland County302$295,000$89,0004.1%6.625%$5,3506.8%$541,287
Wise County118$155,000$67,0005.0%6.990%$4,13015.6%$541,287
Wythe County189$225,000$90,0005.0%6.750%$4,2906.3%$541,287
York County773$405,000$134,0005.5%6.625%$5,3803.9%$757,850
Alexandria city1,595$575,000$191,00020.0%6.500%$6,0405.8%$1,249,125
Bristol city156$185,000$67,0003.5%6.625%$4,42012.4%$541,287
Buena Vista city49$185,000$65,0005.0%——9.3%$541,287
Charlottesville city225$405,000$164,00020.0%6.625%$5,3404.6%$598,000
Chesapeake city3,257$385,000$118,0003.5%6.625%$5,7205.3%$757,850
Colonial Heights city195$275,000$82,0003.5%6.625%$5,1008.7%$707,250
Covington city60$125,000$54,0003.5%——4.3%$541,287
Danville city215$195,000$67,0003.5%6.500%$4,1409.0%$541,287
Emporia city40$195,000$80,0003.5%——12.8%$541,287
Fairfax city311$645,000$224,00020.0%6.500%$6,1904.8%$1,249,125
Falls Church city148$755,000$282,00020.1%6.625%$6,5604.5%$1,249,125
Franklin city153$245,000$83,0001.8%—$4,66021.8%$541,287
Fredericksburg city211$425,000$135,0005.0%6.500%$5,7605.7%$1,249,125
Galax city40$195,000$67,0003.5%——12.5%$541,287
Hampton city1,582$285,000$88,0000.0%6.625%$5,0308.0%$757,850
Harrisonburg city203$295,000$88,0007.5%6.625%$4,7208.3%$541,287
Hopewell city266$245,000$74,0003.0%6.625%$5,3308.3%$707,250
Lexington city24——————$541,287
Lynchburg city753$235,000$83,0005.0%6.624%$4,7808.4%$541,287
Manassas city346$445,000$127,0005.0%6.500%$6,0509.5%$1,249,125
Manassas Park city171$455,000$121,0004.2%6.500%$5,9404.9%$1,249,125
Martinsville city112$155,000$57,0003.5%6.625%$4,0509.0%$541,287
Newport News city1,633$295,000$89,0003.0%6.625%$5,0707.0%$757,850
Norfolk city2,529$315,000$96,0003.0%6.625%$5,6905.9%$757,850
Norton city14——————$541,287
Petersburg city335$245,000$72,0003.5%6.500%$4,79013.0%$707,250
Poquoson city220$465,000$150,0005.0%6.625%$5,33011.1%$757,850
Portsmouth city1,421$285,000$84,0000.0%6.625%$5,1709.8%$757,850
Radford city113$235,000$93,0005.0%6.625%$4,5605.8%$541,287
Richmond city1,910$355,000$129,00010.2%6.625%$5,1806.6%$707,250
Roanoke city893$225,000$77,0005.0%6.625%$4,5307.0%$541,287
Salem city236$255,000$85,00010.2%6.625%$4,5703.5%$541,287
Staunton city291$255,000$84,0006.6%6.625%$4,5305.2%$541,287
Suffolk city1,610$375,000$114,0003.5%6.625%$5,8807.5%$757,850
Virginia Beach city4,819$365,000$118,0005.0%6.625%$5,8904.9%$757,850
Waynesboro city340$265,000$88,0005.0%6.750%$4,4405.5%$541,287
Williamsburg city83$365,000$136,00015.0%6.625%$5,4505.7%$757,850
Winchester city265$335,000$107,0007.3%6.625%$5,6704.3%$541,287

Who bought homes in Virginia

Home-purchase mortgages for owner-occupied, single-family (1–4 unit) site-built homes, first liens, originated in 2025.

Purchase loans
86,602
of 95,370 applications
Buyer income
$126,000
Middle half $85,000–$190,000
Home value
$445,000
Middle half $325,000–$655,000
Loan amount
$385,000
Middle half $275,000–$545,000
Down payment
10%
37.0% put 20%+ down
Single borrower
53.5%
No co-applicant

Values are medians; "middle half" is the 25th to 75th percentile.

Loan type

Conventional 59.7% 51,697
FHA 16.2% 13,990
VA 23.0% 19,949
USDA 1.1% 966

What the homes were for

Primary residence 95.2% 88,853
Second home 2.0% 1,865
Investment property 2.8% 2,661

All first-lien, closed-end purchase mortgages, including second homes and investors.

Borrower age

Under 25 6.3%
25–34 32.4%
35–44 28.1%
45–54 15.6%
55–64 10.3%
65–74 5.5%
75 and over 1.8%

Debt-to-income ratio

Under 20% 3.4%
20–29% 13.6%
30–35% 15.5%
36–42% 25.3%
43–49% 31.2%
50–60% 10.0%
Over 60% 0.9%

Monthly debts (including the new payment) as a share of income, as used in underwriting.

What borrowing cost in Virginia

Medians for 2025 home-purchase loans. Total loan costs are section D of the Loan Estimate/Closing Disclosure (lender and third-party loan charges, excluding taxes, prepaids and escrow). FHA and VA costs include the upfront mortgage insurance premium or VA funding fee, so compare like with like.

MeasureVirginiaU.S.
30-year fixed rate · conventional6.625%6.625%
30-year fixed rate · FHA6.375%6.250%
30-year fixed rate · VA6.250%6.125%
15-year fixed rate · conventional5.875%5.875%
Rate spread vs. APOR · conventional+0.10 pts+0.13 pts
Total loan costs · conventional$5,610$5,570
Total loan costs · FHA$11,780$11,310
Total loan costs · VA$8,280$6,490
Origination charges (all loan types)$1,890$1,860
Borrowers paying discount points51.6%51.3%
Points paid, when paid (% of loan)0.76%0.87%
Borrowers receiving lender credits34.9%33.1%
Adjustable-rate mortgages6.0%7.4%
Jumbo loans (above conforming limit)3.0%3.8%

Medians are shown only when at least 30 loans report the field. Rates are those reported at closing; market rates changed during 2025, which the rate spread (APR minus the average prime offer rate on the lock date) adjusts for.

Approvals and denials

Virginia: 6,598 of 95,370 completed home-purchase applications were denied (6.9%).

Denial rate

ApplicationVirginiaU.S.
Home purchase6.9%8.5%
Conventional5.8%7.1%
FHA12.2%12.5%
VA5.8%8.0%
USDA7.8%12.5%
Refinance14.2%17.9%
Cash-out refinance33.0%33.6%

Main reason for purchase denials

Debt-to-income ratio 38.2%
Credit history 15.5%
Collateral (appraisal/property) 11.6%
Other 9.8%
Credit application incomplete 8.3%
Unverifiable information 6.7%
Insufficient cash (down payment/closing costs) 6.5%
Employment history 3.5%

First reason the lender reported.

Denial rate = denied ÷ (originated + approved but not accepted + denied). Withdrawn and incomplete applications are excluded. Differences between places reflect who applies, not only lender behavior.

Refinancing in Virginia

Refinances
22,500
Median loan $405,000
Refi rate
6.125%
30-yr fixed, conv.
Refi loan costs
$4,550
Conventional
Cash-out refis
15,804
Median loan $285,000
Cash-out rate
6.875%
30-yr fixed, conv.
Cash-out income
$99,000
Median borrower

Top mortgage lenders in Virginia

#LenderLoansShareDenial rate30-yr rate*Spread*Costs*
1 Rocket Mortgage, LLC 9,295 7.4% 9.7% 6.500% +0.12 $5,440
2 United Wholesale Mortgage (UWM) 8,952 7.2% 7.2% 6.624% +0.15 $7,330
3 Veterans United Home Loans 4,375 3.5% 7.1% 6.750% +0.21 $3,040
4 Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group, L.L.C. 3,633 2.9% 1.5% 6.625% +0.23 $5,880
5 Freedom Mortgage Corporation 3,569 2.9% 9.4% 6.750% +0.21 $8,000
6 Movement Mortgage, LLC 3,474 2.8% 3.7% 6.625% +0.15 $5,670
7 Navy Federal Credit Union 3,264 2.6% 7.9% 6.625% −0.11 $3,670
8 Atlantic Coast Mortgage, LLC 2,987 2.4% 1.8% 6.625% +0.12 $5,750
9 Pennymac Loan Services, LLC 2,574 2.1% 12.0% 6.624% +0.16 $6,960
10 NVR Mortgage Finance, Inc. 2,549 2.0% 23.2% 6.375% −0.07 $5,190
11 CrossCountry Mortgage, Inc. 2,549 2.0% 2.1% 6.750% +0.28 $6,870
12 Alcova Mortgage LLC 2,359 1.9% 2.6% 6.750% +0.29 $3,990
13 First Heritage Mortgage, LLC 2,318 1.9% 3.2% 6.500% +0.01 $6,040
14 American Neighborhood Mortgage Acceptance Company LLC 2,166 1.7% 3.5% 6.750% +0.37 $6,910
15 CMG Mortgage, Inc. 1,994 1.6% 2.1% 6.500% +0.04 $6,260
16 Truist Bank 1,981 1.6% 6.0% 6.375% −0.11 $5,470
17 Prosperity Home Mortgage, LLC 1,950 1.6% 2.1% 6.750% +0.23 $5,480
18 Newrez LLC 1,498 1.2% 9.9% 6.625% +0.24 $7,750
19 Rate 1,462 1.2% 4.1% 6.575% +0.08 $5,840
20 Fairway Independent Mortgage Corporation 1,458 1.2% 4.0% 6.625% +0.19 $6,070
21 Capital Center, L.L.C. 1,362 1.1% 5.2% 6.625% +0.03 $0
22 C & F Mortgage Corporation 1,272 1.0% 2.5% 6.625% +0.20 $5,390
23 Intercoastal Mortgage, LLC 1,248 1.0% 2.3% 6.500% −0.01 $6,320
24 JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 1,189 0.9% 8.2% 6.500% −0.06 $4,650
25 NFM, Inc. 1,171 0.9% 1.9% 6.750% +0.31 $7,140

Largest lenders in Virginia by 2025 originations. Loans = home-purchase, refinance and cash-out originations (2025); share = share of those loans here; denial rate = home-purchase applications. *Medians for conventional home-purchase loans, shown with at least 20 loans; spread = APR minus the average prime offer rate at rate lock (percentage points); costs = total loan costs (section D).

Metro areas in Virginia

Source: FFIEC/CFPB HMDA 2025 public LAR; FHFA and HUD 2026 loan limits. Methodology